专辑:
初中英语――祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。
1. 肯定的祈使句
(1)动词原形+其他
Stand up, please. = Please stand up.请起立。
(2)Be + n./adj.
Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心 / 当心!
(3)Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 Let’s go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。
2. 否定的祈使句
(1) Don't + 动词原形
Don't stand up. 别站起来。
Don't be careless. 别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。
(3)no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
3. 祈使句的强调形式,通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。
例如:Do shut up! 快住口!
4. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
1) 形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致)
2) 意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思;No是 “是”的意思)。
在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
如:--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
5. 祈使句的反意疑问句
(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will/ won’t you?请把门打开,好吗?
(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行?
(3)以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开,好吗?
只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请(你)让我们留在这好吗?
一. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. _________________ (not, be )late.
2. ________________ (not,make) any nise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ________________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _________ (be) polite.
4. ________________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5. _______________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ________________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. _______________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ________________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.
10.Let’s _______________ (not, say) anything about it.
二、单项选择
1. The TV is too loud. Please________.
A. turn it down B. to turn it down C. turn down it D. to turn down it
2. _______ late again, Bill!
A. Don't to be B. Don't be C. Not be D. Be not